Notes: With the iOS 11 update (coming sometime late September) you can do all of this in the Notes app. In iOS 10 you can not do tables and the drawing/handwriting part is more limited.
Pages is a pretty good Word replacement for creating documents, but also like Word it makes a poor note taking app.
Notability: A good student note taker that will let you take your notes on top of a PDF. But it has no table tool.
OneNote: Microsoft's answer to notes. Most the tools you'll find in Word, but organized for note taking.
Evernote: Every tool you can think of, but you'll need a paid subscription to get the most out of it.
Nebo: Centered around handwriting. There is no typing, but the handwritten text is easily convtereted to type. No table tool.
I use Notes. Notability is too much for what I need. OneNote I just don't like much, mostly because the import/export features are hard to use with non-Office app.
Screenshotof iOS 11 Note