Is there a way to rename folders, apps, homescreen bookmarks, etc. on the iPad?

I suspect the answer is "no" and you would you need to do this while syncing with the mac.

Any thoughts?

MSax

For homescreen bookmarks you can always just open them and save a new bookmark, giving it the new name you want, and deleting the old one from your springboard.

For folders, you just need to hold them till they wiggle, then click the folder, and you can change the name of the folder by clicking on the title.

For Apps, you need to be jailbroken to rename them. The easiest way is with a tweak called "Icon Renamer".

Hope that helps.